Closing costs encompass all the fees and expenses required to complete a real estate transaction beyond the purchase price. For investors, these typically include origination fees, appraisal fees, title search and insurance, attorney fees, recording fees, transfer taxes, and prepaid items like property taxes and insurance. Closing costs for investment properties typically range from 2-5% of the purchase price. Savvy investors factor closing costs into their acquisition analysis, as they directly affect cash-on-cash return and total ROI. Some costs may be negotiable or can be rolled into certain loan products.